Spine Surgery
The spinal cord is like a mesh work of nerves. These nerve connect the brain to organs and tissues. Since the spinal cord is delicate, it needs a protective structure. That is where your spinal column comes in. Our spine is designed to be both strong and flexible enough to allow movement.
When the spine has abnormalities, surgery might be needed to correct the abnormalities. The procedure usually targets problems such as pain, nerve function restoration, tingling, muscle weakness and abnormal mechanics of the spine.
During surgery the damaged vertebrae is often replaced with a bone graft. This bone graft may be taken from another bone in your body (bone taken from the patient’s body is termed autograft) or it could come from an external source (bone taken from a bone bank is called allograft). If necessary, the surgeon will also use metal plates, screws or wires to add additional stabilization for the spine.
Degenerative diseases of the spine are a common reason for back surgery. Degenerative diseases are often accompanied by the destruction of supporting structure of the spine know as cartilage, which serves as a support structure to each individual bone. As a result, compression may cause great pain, tingling, muscle weakness in the affected parts.
Discs or cushion pads between vertebrae shrink in degenerative diseases. This causes wear and tear of the disc, which can in turn lead to herniation. Arthritis is another degenerative disease that can cause problems in the spine. This arthritic degeneration can cause numbness, pain, weakness from the pressure on the spinal nerves and also tingling.
People with a cervical deformity may also benefit from surgery to straighten and stabilize the spine.
Injury is another common reason for cervical spine surgery. Since the neck is so flexible it is vulnerable to injury. Some injuries can cause a fracture and or dislocation of the cervical vertebra. In a severe injury the spinal cord may also be damaged. Patients with a fracture, especially with spinal cord damage, undergo surgery to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and stabilize the spine.
The goal of spine surgery is to relieve pain, restore nerve function, eliminate numbness and tingling and prevent abnormal spine motion.
As with any surgery, complications are possible and still exists, and this is especially true when dealing with the spine. Infection and delayed healing are common surgical risks. With surgeries involving a bone graft, there is the risk of failure of the bone graft to take.
Recovery may take some time but vary significantly form one individual to another depending on participation in care and adherence to doctor’s orders. Health plans after a back surgery should include enough rest for recovery.
Tenderness of the cervical region may be present after surgery. A number of exercises are designed to accelerate the healing process. It may also be important to resume functionality when tolerance is achieved to reduce common complications of surgery.
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